Cancer biomarkers are present in body fluids, including the blood, saliva, urine, or breath. Various techniques exist to identify cancer-associated changes in the abundance of specific proteins; alterations in DNA sequence or epigenetic modifications; the presence of cancer-specific gene expression profiles in the form of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), or microRNA (miRNA) profiles; and changes in the abundance of volatile organic compounds and cellular metabolites. Image compilation by Nancy R. Gough, BioSerendipity. DNA and mRNA illustrations from Sponk / *translation: Sponk – Chemical structures of nucleobases by Roland1952, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9810855; LncRNA illustration from lncRNA from Wang et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 2659 (2017) DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122659 CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Read more
N. R. Gough, Pancreatic cancer: A biomarker challenge. BioSerendipity (8 April 2019).
https://www.bioserendipity.com/pancreatic-cancer-a-biomarker-challenge/